Coronary heart disease, or simply coronary heart disease, is caused when atherosclerotic plaques fill, ie fill, the lumen of the heart's blood vessels (called coronary arteries), and block blood flow to the heart.

Aortic valve stenosis is more commonly a disease of old age. It is caused by gradual hardening of the valve folds and calcium deposition, causing the valve to open with increasing difficulty.

Aortic valve insufficiency causes blood to reflux back into the left ventricle after each heart contraction. This causes the heart to expand, i.e. "inflate" the walls and cavities, while it gradually loses its elasticity.

Mitral regurgitation is the condition in which there is an abnormal return of blood (reflux) from the left ventricle to the left atrium through the mitral valve.

When the heart contracts it closes and when it expands it opens. Normally the opening of the valve is 4-6 square centimeters. If for some reason the mouth of the valve becomes smaller, this condition is called mitral valve stenosis

Aortic aneurysm is the dilation of the aorta 2.5 times its normal size. In essence, the wall of the aorta weakens and stretches, usually taking the form of a balloon. When the aneurysm exceeds 5.5 cm, the risk of wall rupture increases exponentially.

Tricuspid stenosis, on the other hand, involves a narrowing of the valve, preventing the flow of blood from the atrium to the ventricle.

Atrial fibrillation ablation is an invasive treatment that attempts to electrically isolate the "arrhythmogenic" areas of the heart (mainly in the pulmonary veins), which are responsible for causing atrial fibrillation.

Myocardial bridging is a condition in which a portion of one or more coronary arteries passes through the heart muscle instead of running on the surface. This can lead to compression of the artery during each heartbeat, causing reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease characterized by a large thickening of a part or even the whole heart and is due to an abnormality of the genetic material. The cells of the heart do not have the correct arrangement in some places and this causes the heart to malfunction.

Congenital heart diseases are the most common congenital anomalies, accounting for about 35% of all. They are structural abnormalities of the heart or adjacent large vessels, which fail to develop normally during pregnancy.

Heart tumors, the occurrence of which is rare, are essentially cells that multiply at a particularly rapid rate. A tumor can grow in either the heart or the pericardium. Tumors that start, develop and remain in the heart are called primary. Secondary tumors are defined as those that start in another part of the body and end up, i.e. metastasize, in the heart.